美國是轉基因食品的誕生地。1992年美國公司研製生產了轉基因西紅柿品種。經過兩年的試驗和評估,1994年,美國食品藥品管理局(FDA)認ren證zheng通tong過guo了le首shou個ge轉zhuan基ji因yin西xi紅hong柿shi品pin種zhong。同tong年nian,加jia利li福fu利li亞ya州zhou首shou次ci將jiang這zhe種zhong轉zhuan基ji因yin西xi紅hong柿shi送song上shang了le餐can桌zhuo。由you於yu這zhe種zhong西xi紅hong柿shi種zhong植zhi成cheng本ben較jiao高gao,生sheng產chan商shang無wu利li可ke圖tu而er被bei迫po於yu1997年(nian)停(ting)止(zhi)種(zhong)植(zhi),但(dan)這(zhe)卻(que)拉(la)開(kai)了(le)美(mei)國(guo)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)生(sheng)產(chan)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)序(xu)幕(mu)。目(mu)前(qian)美(mei)國(guo)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)大(da)的(de)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin)與(yu)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo),並(bing)擁(yong)有(you)全(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)經(jing)驗(yan)。在(zai)美(mei)國(guo),轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin)幾(ji)乎(hu)無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)在(zai),充(chong)斥(chi)著(zhe)美(mei)國(guo)大(da)大(da)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)超(chao)市(shi)與(yu)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)購(gou)物(wu)中(zhong)心(xin)。當(dang)地(di)媒(mei)體(ti)列(lie)出(chu)了(le)前(qian)十(shi)大(da)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin),包(bao)括(kuo)玉(yu)米(mi)、大豆、棉花、木瓜、大米、西紅柿、油菜籽、乳製品、土豆和豌豆。
據報道,美國自產的玉米、大豆等轉基因食品出口量占總產量的約40%,最(zui)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)出(chu)售(shou)。就(jiu)玉(yu)米(mi)而(er)言(yan),美(mei)國(guo)食(shi)品(pin)藥(yao)品(pin)管(guan)理(li)局(ju)曾(zeng)表(biao)示(shi),市(shi)麵(mian)上(shang)出(chu)售(shou)給(gei)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)玉(yu)米(mi)幾(ji)乎(hu)都(dou)是(shi)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)玉(yu)米(mi),而(er)美(mei)國(guo)知(zhi)名(ming)的(de)農(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)公(gong)司(si)孟(meng)山(shan)都(dou)公(gong)司(si)也(ye)承(cheng)認(ren),美(mei)國(guo)半(ban)數(shu)農(nong)場(chang)使(shi)用(yong)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)玉(yu)米(mi)種(zhong)籽(zi)。在(zai)一(yi)家(jia)律(lv)師(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)布(bu)萊(lai)恩(en)說(shuo),由(you)於(yu)孟(meng)山(shan)都(dou)等(deng)生(sheng)物(wu)科(ke)技(ji)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)美(mei)國(guo)的(de)遊(you)說(shuo)勢(shi)力(li)強(qiang)大(da),除(chu)個(ge)別(bie)幾(ji)個(ge)州(zhou)明(ming)文(wen)規(gui)定(ding)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin)必(bi)須(xu)有(you)標(biao)識(shi)外(wai),全(quan)美(mei)絕(jue)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區(qu)出(chu)售(shou)的(de)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin)都(dou)沒(mei)有(you)標(biao)識(shi),普(pu)通(tong)老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)也(ye)就(jiu)無(wu)法(fa)辨(bian)別(bie)哪(na)些(xie)食(shi)品(pin)是(shi)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)食(shi)品(pin),但(dan)據(ju)我(wo)了(le)解(jie),我(wo)們(men)每(mei)天(tian)食(shi)用(yong)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)、瓜果等大部分都有轉基因食品,包括貼了“有機”標識的食品。
美國專家對轉基因食品是否有損人體健康仍爭執不下。有些專家認為,相對於傳統食品,轉基因食品具有口味好、質量高、yingyangfengfuyijikangzhiwubingchonghaidenengliqiangdengyoudian。shenzhigebieanlixianshi,zhuanjiyinshipingengyouliyuziranziyuanbaohu,yinweizhuanjiyinzuowuduishuiyunengliangdexuqiujiaoshao。damishiyazhourenzhuyaoxiaofeideliangshizhiyi,yazhouxiaofeizhegengjiaguanzhuduizhuanjiyindamidezhenglun。dongnanyatuichulefuhanweishengsuA的de轉zhuan基ji因yin大da米mi。有you報bao道dao稱cheng美mei國guo正zheng在zai培pei植zhi含han有you人ren體ti基ji因yin的de大da米mi種zhong類lei,這zhe種zhong大da米mi所suo含han的de人ren體ti蛋dan白bai將jiang有you效xiao治zhi療liao第di三san世shi界jie多duo發fa的de嬰ying兒er腹fu瀉xie症zheng。當dang然ran,美mei國guo也ye有you不bu少shao質zhi疑yi與yu反fan對dui轉zhuan基ji因yin食shi品pin的de聲sheng音yin。曾zeng有you媒mei體ti報bao道dao稱cheng,給gei老lao鼠shu喂wei食shi轉zhuan基ji因yin玉yu米mi後hou,老lao鼠shu出chu現xian生sheng殖zhi能neng力li問wen題ti,倉cang鼠shu食shi用yong了le轉zhuan基ji因yin大da豆dou出chu現xian不bu能neng生sheng育yu和he死si亡wang率lv增zeng高gao的de現xian象xiang。
jinguanmeiguozhengfumuqianduizhuanjiyinshipindeanquanxingshangweidinglun,danmeiguominzhongduizhuanjiyinshipindelinianquezaifashengzheshenkebianhua。youyumeiguozhengfubingweiqiangzhizhixingzhuanjiyinshipinbiaoshizhengce,yinciminzhongduiyuzijigoumaideshipinshifoushizhuanjiyinshipinfeichangkunhuo。congwangluoluntankan,youyumuqianhaimeiyouqiangyoulidezhengjuzhengmingzhuanjiyinshipinyouhaijiankang,suoyimeiguoxiaofeizhebingfeijianjuedizhizhuanjiyinshipin,queqianglieyaoqiuzhengfuchutaiguanyuzhuanjiyinshipinbiaoshidefaguitiaoli,rangzhuanjiyinshipingengjiatouminghua,yibeixiaofeizhexuanzeshifouxiaofeigaileichanpin。shenzhiyouwangyoujiangmaotouzhixianglerumengshandouzhileidenongyeshengwukejigongsi,tamenrenweizhexiegongsiweileqiyeliyierxiangguohuijizhengfushiya,huibigongzhongduibiaoshizhuanjiyinshipindesuqiu,wangguxiaofeizhezhiqingquan。
xuduoshipinxingyeyeneirenshirenwei,yidanmeiguozhengfuqiangzhizhixingbiaoshizhuanjiyinshipin,namexiangguanqiyejiangtingzhishiyongzhuanjiyinjishu,yinweitamenhaipaxiaofeizhejiangjujuegoumaizheleichanpin。zhejiurutongshipintianjiadefanshizhifangyiyang,yidanshixingbiaoshizhengce,qiyejiutingyongfanshizhifangsuan。meiguominzhongduizhengfuzaizhuanjiyinshipintoumingdushangdebuzuoweishenganyoulv。2009年當奧巴馬總統任命米歇爾·泰tai勒le擔dan任ren美mei國guo食shi品pin藥yao品pin管guan理li局ju高gao級ji顧gu問wen時shi,美mei國guo消xiao費fei者zhe團tuan體ti和he環huan境jing保bao護hu人ren士shi就jiu站zhan出chu來lai表biao示shi抗kang議yi。因yin為wei泰tai勒le曾zeng擔dan任ren孟meng山shan都dou公gong司si的de副fu總zong裁cai。抗kang議yi者zhe擔dan心xin泰tai勒le任ren期qi內nei,轉zhuan基ji因yin食shi品pin將jiang不bu經jing過guo食shi品pin藥yao品pin管guan理li局ju的de安an全quan測ce試shi就jiu直zhi接jie認ren證zheng許xu可ke上shang市shi。
據報道,目前全球已有歐盟、中國、俄羅斯、日本、巴西等64個ge國guo家jia出chu台tai法fa律lv規gui定ding轉zhuan基ji因yin食shi品pin標biao識shi,但dan由you於yu利li益yi集ji團tuan與yu政zheng治zhi集ji團tuan盤pan根gen錯cuo節jie的de關guan係xi,美mei國guo聯lian邦bang政zheng府fu現xian在zai對dui轉zhuan基ji因yin食shi品pin透tou明ming度du還hai是shi持chi聽ting之zhi任ren之zhi的de態tai度du。盡jin管guan如ru此ci,或huo許xu是shi受shou全quan食shi食shi品pin超chao市shi轉zhuan基ji因yin食shi品pin標biao識shi戰zhan的de影ying響xiang,美mei國guo一yi些xie地di方fang政zheng府fu已yi將jiang轉zhuan基ji因yin食shi品pin透tou明ming度du提ti上shang了le議yi程cheng。2013年年中,美國佛蒙特州、康涅狄格州和緬因州分別通過了轉基因標識法案,而華盛頓州和伊利諾伊州等也相繼召開了轉基因食品標識法案的公眾討論會。


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