
文:夏缶
來源:FoodWine吃好喝好(ID:FoodWineChina)
rutongquanshuiwajuchuzongyouluying,chudaliguchengxinanmen,yiluxiangximianxingqu,buyongzoujibujiunengkandaojiebianchangchulaiyidapianbaizucaiguanzi。shuoshiguanzi,gengxiangpaidang,zhuoweijihudoushilutiande,xiezhegezicaidanhenashoujuehuodezhaopaicuozazhemimipailie,xingrushubi。zuozailitoudeshikexiangbeinaxiebaizufengqingzhaotiezhanjinluowangzhongdexiaofeichong,shuliangzhiduo,tingneiyejuanbuzhule,zhiyongdaodajieshangqu。paidangtianpengyoutiezhuzhichengzhe,zhujiaoxiajipaixinxianzhaihaodecaishuhelaroujinaizherenxingdao,tangtangdizailutianbaizhe,shiyoubuchanchongdejingyingzhuwang。
有you泡pao好hao的de新xin茉mo莉li花hua,堆dui在zai又you大da又you深shen的de不bu鏽xiu鋼gang盆pen裏li,因yin為wei已yi經jing泡pao過guo水shui,湊cou近jin了le聞wen,香xiang氣qi不bu比bi之zhi前qian濃nong烈lie,隻zhi是shi身shen上shang那na層ceng玉yu色se更geng深shen,在zai盆pen裏li反fan著zhe幽you暗an的de白bai光guang。有you海hai菜cai,又you叫jiao「水性楊花」,shuicaoyiyangyoulv,huabanbaopianhelong,beidianjiakunzha,jinzaishenhongsedeshuipenli,kanzhehaoxiangyimianyouhua。qiyubaidezongdejunzi,huangdenanguahua,lvdetonghaocai,xinnenzhaoyan,renbunengdidang,zouzhezouzhejiuzuolejinquyeshichangyoude,meishenmehaojianguai。

新鮮茉莉花。茉莉花煎蛋是茉莉花最常見的食用方法,既有蛋香又不失茉莉花的清香。© 敢於胡亂
bijingzheliyoudeshixinxiandongxi,shuiyebuhuichenguaiyigexiangchimolihuachaojidandeneilurenyanpiziqian。nakeshiyibozixinxianmoli,eryuexinerlijiubeiyunnandechunfengchuikaile,hanzhebaodazheduoer,daiyixiaojiezinennenduanduandelvjing。paoshuixiquchonghefen,zaitoujinjialeyidianyandekaishuilichaoqusewei,molihuameichiyidiankutou,jiuhuaruyiguonenjidanli,sanliangxiafanchaoguobianshengshangzhuo,yipiandandandexianxianliduijinlemolishangweihuiguoshenlaisuodaiyoudehuaxiangqi,chizaizuiliderenlikehuimingbai,zheshihaihuozhedechuntiana,kouweishangdegongmingjishihaimeichuda,qingxushangyezaojiubeihuanqilaihenhengandongyibale。
中國人慣愛吃花的,士大夫愛其高雅清潔,鄉野村夫圖它們甜美芬芳。幾千年前屈原會拾菊花花瓣做晚餐(「朝飲木蘭之墜露,夕餐秋菊之落英」),jiqiannianhouyeyouchanzuidehaizirifuyifushouzaicunkouwangchunfeng,zhidenghuaihuayishikaifangjiuqiangzaiqiantoudashangyidouzi,huijiazhengfanchiqu。napashijiukunyucheshuimalongxieziloudedoushiren,yeshiyuanyizaichuntianlimaiyibeiyinghuatetiaode。

雲南春日的菜攤。
與其說花兒朵兒中蘊含著什麼世所罕見、難逢敵手的味型,不如說人們愛的是花開時的幸福和喜悅。能在這世上催開一朵花的東西是什麼?節令、物候、日曬,蟲鳴、鳥叫、動物遷徙,雲和雨的關照,人類的愛,天上垂下來的神眷。
春天來了,人類麵對這樣的奇跡不知道該如何安置,吃進肚裏是順理成章的事情。

從上至下分別為素馨花(也稱風車茉莉)、鬆茸和玉蘭花。
而er雲yun南nan人ren愛ai花hua又you與yu旁pang人ren不bu同tong,他ta們men做zuo到dao了le徹che底di的de日ri常chang化hua。我wo老lao家jia在zai江jiang蘇su,自zi認ren為wei懂dong時shi令ling和he食shi材cai之zhi間jian那na些xie絲si絲si縷lv縷lv的de微wei妙miao關guan竅qiao,但dan說shuo起qi食shi花hua來lai,最zui能neng想xiang到dao的de,還hai是shi小xiao時shi候hou在zai野ye花hua叢cong中zhong嘬zuo過guo的de那na許xu多duo花hua屁pi股gu,嚼jiao過guo的de酢zuo漿jiang草cao莖jing,還hai有you醪lao糟zao湯tang圓yuan和he各ge種zhong糕gao團tuan上shang香xiang噴pen噴pen、甜(tian)蜜(mi)蜜(mi)的(de)一(yi)層(ceng)糖(tang)桂(gui)花(hua)。近(jin)水(shui)邊(bian)的(de)漁(yu)家(jia)也(ye)聽(ting)說(shuo)有(you)做(zuo)炸(zha)荷(he)花(hua)招(zhao)待(dai)貴(gui)客(ke)的(de),夏(xia)天(tian)裏(li)才(cai)出(chu)的(de)新(xin)鮮(xian)紅(hong)荷(he),摘(zhai)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)花(hua)瓣(ban),薄(bo)薄(bo)地(di)在(zai)麵(mian)粉(fen)蛋(dan)清(qing)裏(li)蘸(zhan)一(yi)蘸(zhan),熱(re)油(you)中(zhong)炸(zha)脆(cui)了(le)就(jiu)立(li)刻(ke)撈(lao)出(chu),裏(li)外(wai)澆(jiao)桂(gui)花(hua)蜜(mi),更(geng)多(duo)的(de)見(jian)識(shi)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)了(le)。總(zong)之(zhi)在(zai)我(wo)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)經(jing)驗(yan)中(zhong),觀(guan)賞(shang)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)開(kai)的(de)花(hua)往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)清(qing)雅(ya)精(jing)致(zhi)的(de)點(dian)心(xin),在(zai)餐(can)桌(zhuo)上(shang)點(dian)綴(zhui)著(zhe)出(chu)現(xian)。菜(cai)蔬(shu)上(shang)結(jie)的(de)花(hua)雖(sui)然(ran)多(duo)著(zhe),比(bi)如(ru)黃(huang)瓜(gua)、南(nan)瓜(gua)和(he)韭(jiu)菜(cai)的(de)花(hua),但(dan)也(ye)多(duo)是(shi)用(yong)鹽(yan)糖(tang)和(he)醋(cu)簡(jian)單(dan)涼(liang)拌(ban)或(huo)清(qing)炒(chao)。江(jiang)浙(zhe)的(de)人(ren)們(men)愛(ai)種(zhong)花(hua),即(ji)便(bian)能(neng)想(xiang)到(dao)要(yao)把(ba)花(hua)朵(duo)送(song)進(jin)大(da)火(huo)重(zhong)油(you)煙(yan)裏(li),心(xin)裏(li)也(ye)總(zong)是(shi)沒(mei)譜(pu)。

昆明東華菜市場,菜攤上的棠梨花浸泡在水盆中。
© 敢於胡亂
雲(yun)南(nan)人(ren)則(ze)以(yi)一(yi)己(ji)之(zhi)力(li)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)了(le)花(hua)朵(duo)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)餐(can)桌(zhuo)上(shang)的(de)味(wei)型(xing)和(he)品(pin)類(lei),除(chu)去(qu)聲(sheng)名(ming)遠(yuan)播(bo)的(de)玫(mei)瑰(gui)鮮(xian)花(hua)餅(bing)之(zhi)外(wai),一(yi)些(xie)明(ming)明(ming)是(shi)觀(guan)賞(shang)類(lei)的(de)花(hua),也(ye)成(cheng)了(le)家(jia)常(chang)的(de)食(shi)材(cai),終(zhong)年(nian)盤(pan)踞(ju)在(zai)本(ben)地(di)人(ren)的(de)菜(cai)單(dan)上(shang)。
比bi方fang說shuo眼yan下xia正zheng是shi春chun天tian,是shi吃chi棠tang梨li花hua的de季ji節jie,這zhe種zhong生sheng在zai野ye外wai的de野ye生sheng梨li花hua不bu比bi其qi他ta選xuan育yu出chu的de品pin種zhong,花hua開kai得de小xiao小xiao的de,香xiang氣qi卻que足zu。想xiang吃chi的de話hua,要yao緊jin著zhe花hua剛gang打da苞bao,還hai沒mei來lai得de及ji綻zhan開kai的de一yi小xiao段duan時shi間jian出chu動dong,走zou去qu野ye外wai采cai摘zhai,說shuo不bu定ding還hai得de爬pa到dao樹shu上shang去qu,很hen費fei一yi番fan周zhou折zhe。等deng采cai夠gou花hua,頭tou一yi件jian事shi是shi拿na去qu浸jin泡pao兩liang天tian,等deng焯chao水shui去qu掉diao澀se味wei之zhi後hou才cai能neng入ru菜cai。雲yun南nan人ren對dui待dai棠tang梨li花hua,喜xi愛ai很hen深shen,論lun敬jing重zhong卻que不bu至zhi於yu,隻zhi是shi隨sui性xing子zi自zi如ru地di烹peng調tiao,配pei辣la椒jiao蒜suan頭tou炒chao得de,配pei火huo腿tui韭jiu菜cai也ye炒chao得de,一yi小xiao簇cu一yi小xiao簇cu卷juan進jin舌she頭tou裏li,帶dai著zhe春chun天tian裏li活huo躍yue的de青qing氣qi,竟jing然ran也ye不bu會hui被bei這zhe種zhong重zhong葷hun的de配pei菜cai帶dai累lei,反fan而er能neng讓rang人ren吃chi出chu一yi股gu倔jue頭tou倔jue腦nao的de生sheng命ming力li。

鬆花粉取自鬆樹,去掉雜質後,與紅糖水混合,即可製成鬆花糕,入口清涼綿密。© 張瀟逸
再zai等deng上shang半ban個ge月yue,雲yun南nan漫man山shan遍bian野ye的de鬆song樹shu都dou要yao開kai花hua了le。因yin為wei鬆song花hua極ji小xiao,花hua穗sui結jie成cheng塔ta狀zhuang,一yi嘟du嚕lu一yi嘟du嚕lu開kai在zai枝zhi頭tou,吃chi花hua本ben身shen並bing不bu實shi際ji,騰teng衝chong人ren便bian把ba腦nao筋jin動dong到dao了le花hua粉fen上shang,他ta們men將jiang鬆song花hua粉fen大da量liang收shou集ji起qi來lai,去qu掉diao雜za質zhi,摻chan上shang蜜mi水shui後hou使shi其qi成cheng形xing,再zai壓ya勻yun平ping鋪pu在zai已yi經jing凝ning固gu成cheng塊kuai的de紅hong豆dou沙sha上shang,做zuo成cheng鬆song花hua糕gao。
wozongjiaodetafuyuchanyi。songhuagaoxiaoxiaoyikuai,yongbajiaoyetuozhe,yipianhuanglvpeise,yebuzhidaozuichudezhizuozheshifouchuyumeixueshangdekaoliang,jingshizhekuaigaohekaizhehuadesongshubenshenquanranyizhi,zaizhebendichancha,songhuagaochiqilaidaizhetianmideqingkuqi,changbeirenmaiqupeichachi,youyinglenaju「鬆花釀酒,春水煎茶」。沒吃到花,卻反而不辜負花的真意,倒真是一種質本潔來還潔去的食物,很妙。

木棉花。雲南施甸習慣將木棉花用雞蛋、澱粉和調味料掛薄糊,熱油烹炸,做成木棉花酥食用,外酥裏嫩。
雲yun南nan人ren還hai愛ai吃chi杜du鵑juan花hua,通tong常chang拿na來lai食shi用yong的de是shi一yi種zhong白bai花hua杜du鵑juan,摘zhai去qu了le花hua蒂di花hua蕊rui的de白bai花hua能neng清qing熱re解jie毒du,祛qu肺fei熱re,是shi有you益yi的de食shi材cai,最zui常chang見jian的de吃chi法fa也ye是shi拿na來lai炒chao蛋dan。但dan和he大da理li將jiang茉mo莉li花hua烹peng調tiao得de音yin容rong宛wan在zai的de輕qing油you鹽yan不bu一yi樣yang,杜du鵑juan花hua出chu場chang是shi配pei著zhe青qing紅hong辣la椒jiao和he青qing蒜suan段duan的de,看kan它ta們men被bei高gao溫wen炒chao至zhi熟shu紅hong,配pei著zhe雞ji蛋dan塊kuai端duan上shang桌zhuo子zi,一yi時shi間jian隻zhi讓rang人ren感gan到dao疑yi惑huo,以yi為wei是shi送song錯cuo菜cai,吃chi進jin嘴zui裏li才cai被bei那na種zhong與yu眾zhong不bu同tong、完全陌生的口感驚到:有點肥厚、帶著嚼勁、像雞蛋一樣吸飽了湯汁,甚至還帶著一些豆製品的口感,又香又好吃。於是來回用筷子撥看它的構造紋理,才曉得這是杜鵑花 —— 雲南人竟然有這樣吃花不是花的大本事!

芋頭花。芋頭花有微毒,處理時最好帶上手套,剔除綠色的皮和花芯。
zhexiehaizhishikouweijiaoqingdezuofa,chaoredaibianchuizou,xishuangbannarenchihuadefazigengshiduodemeibianer,tiaoweishangyegengjiaxinladuobian。zuichumingdeyinggaijiushibaoshaobajiaohualeba。judadebajiaohua,guduoyouxiaobinamechang,deyongchaidaocainengcongshushangkanxialai —— 什麼樣的花用得到「砍」這個字呀!剖開後,裏頭花瓣層層疊疊嵌套,焯水後切絲就能切上一大盤子。芭蕉花絲和豬肉、辣椒、蔥cong蒜suan等deng佐zuo料liao一yi同tong被bei巨ju大da的de蕉jiao葉ye裹guo緊jin,紮zha成cheng一yi隻zhi方fang包bao後hou便bian拿na去qu放fang在zai火huo塘tang上shang烤kao,熟shu成cheng後hou解jie開kai,巨ju大da的de香xiang辛xin氣qi味wei和he蒸zheng汽qi一yi同tong撲pu麵mian而er來lai,對dui從cong未wei見jian過guo這zhe種zhong料liao理li場chang麵mian的de內nei陸lu人ren而er言yan,衝chong擊ji無wu疑yi是shi革ge命ming性xing的de,饞chan成cheng了le次ci要yao的de事shi。等deng緩huan過guo神shen來lai,手shou早zao就jiu先xian行xing一yi步bu,管guan不bu得de燙tang口kou,搛jian滿man一yi筷kuai子zi送song進jin嘴zui裏li。肉rou的de油you脂zhi和he花hua的de汁zhi水shui已yi在zai蕉jiao葉ye中zhong一yi氣qi嗬he成cheng了le,又you兼jian具ju微wei微wei的de辣la和he蔥cong辛xin,到dao這zhe境jing地di,任ren誰shui也ye不bu得de不bu承cheng認ren,花hua也ye是shi可ke以yi用yong「下飯」來形容的。
所(suo)謂(wei)靠(kao)山(shan)吃(chi)山(shan),靠(kao)水(shui)吃(chi)水(shui),地(di)域(yu)性(xing)的(de)食(shi)譜(pu)總(zong)與(yu)此(ci)處(chu)的(de)水(shui)文(wen)環(huan)境(jing)有(you)關(guan),這(zhe)裏(li)四(si)季(ji)常(chang)春(chun)的(de)物(wu)候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)注(zhu)定(ding)了(le)本(ben)地(di)人(ren)被(bei)鮮(xian)花(hua)環(huan)繞(rao)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo),並(bing)不(bu)是(shi)雲(yun)南(nan)人(ren)對(dui)花(hua)不(bu)夠(gou)愛(ai)重(zhong),是(shi)他(ta)們(men)之(zhi)間(jian)早(zao)就(jiu)沒(mei)那(na)麼(me)見(jian)外(wai)了(le)。汪(wang)曾(zeng)祺(qi)用(yong)雞(ji)頭(tou)米(mi)老(lao)了(le)和(he)新(xin)核(he)桃(tao)結(jie)果(guo)來(lai)判(pan)定(ding)夏(xia)日(ri)的(de)終(zhong)結(jie),對(dui)雲(yun)南(nan)人(ren)而(er)言(yan),無(wu)非(fei)是(shi)沙(sha)鬆(song)尖(jian)老(lao)了(le)沒(mei)有(you),棠(tang)梨(li)花(hua)落(luo)了(le)不(bu)曾(zeng),均(jun)是(shi)一(yi)時(shi)之(zhi)鮮(xian),所(suo)謂(wei)「山家清供」來的。宋代人林洪用一本《山家清供》對照貴族們鍾鳴鼎食之家的豪奢飲饌,而雲南人,則用了一整個永開不敗的春天。


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